Explain The Differences Between TOEFL And TOEIC

TOEFL

·         Understanding The History  And  TOEFL

            TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) is the standardization of one's English ability in writing (de jure) which covers four aspects of mastery: Listening, Writing and Reading. The test was developed and organized by ETS (Educational Testing Service) a non-profit organization based in the United States and was first held in 1964. The TOEFL scoring system uses a conversion of each correct answer. TOEFL score of the highest attainable person is 675.

           Toefl previously named CAL (Center for Applied Linguistics) based in Washington DC and founded in 1959.CAL is a non-profit committed to researching the  relationship between language and the first budaya.Direktur CAL namely Charles A.Ferguson (1921-1998) who had been a a professor at the University Hardvard.Ferguson guided the center makes a practical solution of the development of the language the initial project Ferguson is the development of tests that will measure command language ESL (English-as-a-Second-Language) students and employees government. Ferguson and researchers developed the TOEFL test during the first five    years CAL.Toefl was first taken up by the center in 1964.

           An international testing standards organization have been managing the TOEFL test the  ETS (Educational Testing Service). According to ETS, between 1964 and 2008,    24 million people, mostly international students, have taken the test. Introduced in   2005, the internet based test format has replaced the computer-based and paper-based, with the results of computer-based orders are no longer applicable in 2006.

·        TOEFL Test Objectives

            Academic test is used for educational purposes, research or related academic activities abroad, or in Indonesia. To graduate, usually a minimum value is 550, whereas for S1 is 500, but it is also used for the purpose of employment, promotions or job assignments. Many companies that install the default English employees to see the value of TOEFL - her. Generally, a minimum TOEFL score is 500 for the promotion of standards.

1.     How is the relationship of scores obtained by one's level of English proficiency?
In general we know the three levels of mastery of foreign languages, namely the Basic Level (Elementary), Intermediate (Intermediate), and Advanced (Advanced). TOEFL score, linguists usually classify this score into the following four levels (Carson, et al., 1990):

A.         Basic Rate (Elementary): 310 s.d. 420\

B.     Lower Intermediate (Low Intermediate): 420 s.d. 480

C.    The level of SMA (High Intermediate): 480 s.d. 520

D.         Advanced (Advanced): 525 677 s.d

     By knowing the classification level of mastery of the English language as seen above, we can certainly understand that it is a good reason why universities in countries that use English as its official language, requires a certain TOEFL score for prospective international students. To be accepted in the program S1, a score that generally they charge is around 475 s.d. 550, while for incoming S2 and S3 TOEFLnya score requirements higher, about 550 s.d. 600.

     Several universities in Indonesia have established a certain TOEFL score for its students (Huda, 1999). In conjunction with efforts to improve the quality of college graduates, the regulations require that a college student has mastery of TOEFL at a certain level is expected to have a positive impact and should be supported. Good command of English is expected to improve the ability to think and work on a global level, a condition of employment in the future we need to prepare from now.

 

2.    How to improve TOEFL

A.  Following the TOEFL Preparation courses and / or IELTS Preparation held by institutions of courses in your city

B.    Purchase of books TOEFL / IELTS are widely available in bookstores. Learn the material well. Listen and mastered all tips and tricks. Rest assured, no longer TOEFL / IELTS you will go up.

C.   Download the book TOEFL / IELTS in internal

TOEFL

         Directions : Question 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see for words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C) and (D). You are to choose one word or phrase that best complete the sentence.

1. The committee has met twice and ....

    A. they reached a final decision

    B. a final decision was reached

    C. its decision was reached

    D. it has reached a final decision

2. The manager won't be able to attend the shareholders' meeting tomorrow because....

    A. he must to give a lecture

    B. he will be giving a lecture

    C. of he will give lecture

    D. he will have giving a lecture

      TOEIC

  History and Understanding TOEIC

              Educational Test Service® (ETS®), an organization devoted himself to educational measurement and research in educational policy and psychometrics, designing and creating the TOEIC test in 1979 on request of Japanese business leaders. Over the years, the TOEIC test is adopted by many other countries and is quickly becoming the global standard for the determination of the ability to speak English at work-related context. The Chauncey Group International Ltd., a subsidiary of ETS, develop and publish the TOEIC test. The Chauncey Group International is a company that specializes in testing of professional licensing exams and certification of skills and progress in the workplace. The Chauncey Group International Headquarters is located in Princeton, New Jersey, USA; its European office (Chauncey Group Europe SA) is located in Paris, France.

             During this time, it must be recognized turns Test Of English as Foreign Language (TOEFL) is not enough to be used as a parameter in measuring the level of English language ability and maturity of someone. Therefore, each place and how different regions judgment. Thus, the necessary suatua same standard in order to measure the level of keakuratannnya. One of them through the Test Of English for International Communication (TOEIC) is an international standard.

         TOEIC is an abbreviation for Test of English for International Communication.  The TOEIC test is an English proficiency test for people whose native language is not English. TOEIC test scores indicate how well people can communicate in  English with others in the global workplace. The test does not require specialized knowledge or vocabulary, this test only measures the kind of English used in everyday activities.

          The TOEIC test is a test of English language proficiency prominent in the world in the context of the global work environment. More than 4,000 companies around the world taking the TOEIC test, and more than 2 million people registered to take the test every tahun.TOEIC ETS has been held for 25 years around the world. "In Indonesia, the TOEIC test was introduced in 1999," said E. Julivan Rondonuwu of PT International Test Center, ETS representative in  Indonesia.

The format of the TOEIC test 

          The TOEIC test is a multiple choice test, paper and pencil for two hours consisting of 200 questions divided into two separately timed sections: Part I: Listening Comprehension 

This section consists of 100 questions and is divided into four parts. Test participants heard a recording of statements, questions, short conversations, and a brief explanation, then answer questions based on segments hear. Overall Hearing Comprehension section takes approximately 45 minutes.

                        Part 1: Photographs                                         20 items (4- choice)

                        Part 2: Questions and Response                     30 items (3-choice)

                        Part 3: Short Conversations                            30 items (4-choice)

                        Part 4: Short Talks                                          20 items (4-choice)

Reading section consists of 100 questions presented in written format in the test booklet. Participants read a variety of materials and answer questions based on their own speed corresponding to the reading material itself. Overall passage requires 75 minutes.

Part 5: Incomplete Sentences            40 items (4-choice)
Part 6: Error Recognition                  20 items (4-choice)
Part 7: Reading Comprehension        40 items (4-choice)

           Participants answered questions by marking one of the letters (A), (B), (C), (D) with a pencil on a separate answer. Although the actual testing time is approximately two hours of additional time required participants to complete the biographical questions on the answer sheet and to respond to a brief questionnaire about their educational and work history.


  TOEIC test ratings  


           Each candidate uses a pencil to mark the answers on the answer sheet. Score is determined by the number of questions answered correctly. The number of correct responses on the Listening Comprehension and Reading Sections (Listening and Reading Comprehension section) is converted to a number on a scale of 5 to 495. By adding these two sections will be obtained a total score based on a scale that ranges from 10 to 990. No reduction for wrong answers.

          TOEIC score starting from the number 400 to 990. There are six levels of the level 0/0 + Novice (score 10-250), level 1 Elementary (score 255-400), Intermediate level 1+ (score 405-600), level 2 Basic Working Proficiency (score 605-780), Advance Working profiency 2+ level (a score of 785-900) and level 3/3+General Professional Proficiency (score 905-990).

            An ordinary job candidates must have a minimum TOEIC score of 400. While a prospective manager must have a minimum TOEIC score of 800. A person who has a TOEIC score 405-600, for example, in listening able to understand explanations related to the daily routine tasks, understand announcements during the trip and mengusai limited social conversations. In terms of speaking able to explain the responsibilities of work and academic background as well as discussions about the project in the past and the future. Whereas in the case of reading still need a dictionary to understand technical documents. And lastly in terms of writing people who have an intermediate level that is able to write short memos, letters of complaint and fill out a simple application form


 TOEIC test takers and Users

TOEIC test takers include: 

People who use English in a variety of everyday working atmosphere, such as commerce, hotels, hospitals, restaurants, the aircraft industry, international meetings, conventions, and sports activities 

· Managerial employees, sales, and technical on international business, trade and industry where English proficiency is required 

· People whose professional training will be conducted in English. 

· People who want to have a measure of English proficiency that is internationally recognized for a resume or curriculum vitae.

TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication)

Listening

1. Ms. Morikawa has worked here for a long time, hasn’t she?

(A) At three o’clock

(B) No, I’ve lost my watch

(C) More than ten years

2. Which of this paper has a wider circulation?

(A) The morning edition

(B) Get more exercise

(C) By messenger